Clinical Application Of Ginkgo

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba, ginkgo) has been used as medicine for more than 1,000 years. The ginkgo tree is the oldest tree species surviving in the world.
Ginkgo was originally used by Chinese medicine doctors to treat a variety of diseases, including asthma and digestive disorders. Recently, Ginkgo biloba extract has been used to treat some vascular diseases due to its antioxidant properties, as well as to treat memory loss, dementia, and macular degeneration. Ginkgo is one of the most studied and commonly used herbs in the world. In the 2012 US National Health Interview Survey, it was found that Ginkgo was ranked 9th in the ranking of the most popular natural products in the United States. More than 400 clinical trials have been conducted to study the various medicinal properties and clinical uses of Ginkgo biloba.

Mechanism Of Ginkgo

The medicinal effects of Ginkgo biloba may come from two active ingredients: terpene lactones and ginkgo flavonoid glycosides. They are found in ginkgo leaves and vary in concentration. At present, nearly 40 different flavonoids have been isolated, including Ginkgo Biflavonoids, 7-Demethyl Ginkgo Biflavonoids and Taxodiflavonoids. The separated terpenes include some ginkgolides and diterpenes, the most important of which are ginkgolides A, B and C and bilobalide.

The biological activities of Ginkgo biloba extract are diverse. Ginkgo biloba extract can reduce glucose utilization in the brain regions responsible for somatosensory processing and alertness. In addition, Ginkgo reduces the number of peripheral adrenal benzodiazepine receptors, thereby altering the secretion of corticosteroids. Studies have also found that Ginkgo biloba extract can prevent age-related changes in the hippocampus of mice. Other studies have shown that Ginkgo biloba extract can reversibly inhibit monoamine oxidase A and B.

Animal studies have found that terpene lactones can inhibit the binding of platelet-activating factor (PAF) to membrane receptors. Ginkgolides also have protective effects against PAF-induced bronchoconstriction and airway hyperresponsiveness.

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